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Educational Content for Everyone We offer a wide range of free educational material in the form of Open Access Books in Science and Engineering, educational math sheets, coloring pages, flashcards, educational videos, PowerPoint templates, book-report cover templates, puzzles, games, reports, newsletters, diagrams and infographics. Jecasa Ltd’s resources ranges from elementary school educational material to content in science and technology. All of this is possible thanks to our content generation system called Orion which combines state of the art algorithms with a very well-maintained high-quality database of scientific information. Visitors Become a member of this site Jecasa Ltd - Automated Scientific Content Generation - - Saving you the most precious resource in life... Time - Open Access Books Visit our collection of more than 2,000 open access books related to science and engineering. The books in this collection have been released, by their respective authors, under a CC BY 3.0 license or CC BY 4.0 license. Such licenses allow for commercial use as long as the author(s), publisher and license are properly acknowledged. Access Now Educational Videos Subscribe to our YouTube channel Jecasa Ltd releases educational videos to emphasis the importance of advances in technology, science, and engineering. Educational Videos Reproducir video Reproducir video 01:35 The Evolution and Future of Electric Power Networks - Part 1: DC vs AC A typical electric power network can be divided into three main parts, namely: generation, transmission and distribution. These have had many improvements since their emergence in 1880s. The first complete electric network (developed in 1882) was based on DC theory. Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us ~~~ Text Based on: J. Carmona S. “A Smart Adaptive Load for Power-Frequency Support Applications”. PhD Thesis, The University of Manchester, UK, 2015. Background Sounds: Avnish Parker. “FREE Whoosh Sound Effects Pack - FREE Download - No Copyright - 26 Free Sound Effects - Royalty Free”. YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ri234Cm3fK4 Introduction Video Adapted From: Bellergy. "World Globe International". Free video on Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/videos/world-globe-international-global-1992/ Background Music: ” Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com ~~~ Recommended reading: [Moore, 1935] A. E. Moore. “The History and Development of the Integrating Electricity Meter”. Journals of the IEE, Vol. 77, No. 468, pp. 851–859, December 1935. [Burns, 1988] R. W. Burns. “Book Reviews: An Early History of Electricity Supply — The Story of the Electric Light in Victorian Leeds”. Proceedings A of the IEE – Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education – Reviews, Vol. 135, No. 6, pp. 362, July 1988. [Kundur, 1994] P. Kundur. “Power System Stability and Control”. First Edition, McGraw–Hill: EPRl Power System Engineering Series, 1994. [Drury, 2009] Bill Drury. “Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook”. 2nd Edition. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET): Power and Energy Series 57, 2009. [Li et al., 2010] Fangxing Li; Wei Qiao, Hongbin Sun, Hui Wan, Jianhui Wang, Yan Xia, Zhao Xu, and Pei Zhang. “Smart Transmission Grid: Vision and Framework”. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 168 – 177, September, 2010. [Lasseter, 2011] R.H. Lasseter. “Smart Distribution: Coupled Microgrids,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 99, No. 6, pp. 1074–1082, June, 2011. ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Reproducir video Reproducir video 01:49 The Future of the UK Wind Power Industry The UK wind power installed capacity is expected to rise from 20 GW to 40GW in the next few decades with an estimated initial capital cost of £120 billion and with an operation and maintenance (O&M) industry worth of £2 billion per year by 2025. The UK has the largest offshore wind resource in Europe, which is estimated to be a third of the total European offshore wind resource. As of May 2018, there were 36 offshore wind energy operational power stations representing 7GW of installed capacity in the UK alone. Many of these power stations use high voltage AC (HVAC) technology to transmit the energy from offshore to main land. However, many future offshore wind farms will be very far from mainland, as an example, Dogger Bank, contemplated for UK Round 3, is located 125-290 km from the UK shore. Traditional AC transmission systems would be uneconomical and practically unfeasible at this distance; requiring deployment of high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission technology for such projects. Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us ~~~ Information Based on: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. “Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) 2018: main report”. National Statistics, GOV.UK, July 2018: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes-2018-main-report Home Offshore. “Technology Drivers in Windfarm Asset Management”. Position Paper, Commissioning body: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. 2018: https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/en/publications/technology-drivers-in-windfarm-asset-management Holistic Operation and Maintenance for Energy from Offshore Wind Farms. “Home Page”. Research Project Funded by the UK EPSRC. Accessed 18/07/2019: http://homeoffshore.org/ RenewableUK. "Wind Energy Statistics“. Accessed 18/07/2019: https://www.renewableuk.com/page/UKWEDhome/Wind-Energy-Statistics.htm Background Sounds: Avnish Parker. “FREE Whoosh Sound Effects Pack - FREE Download - No Copyright - 26 Free Sound Effects - Royalty Free”. YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ri234Cm3fK4 Introduction Video Adapted From: Bellergy. "World Globe International". Free video on Pixabay: https://pixabay.com/videos/world-globe-international-global-1992/ Background Music: ”Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com Maps: GermanLopezR. “UK England Country”. Image released under a Pixaby License-Free for Commercial Use. Available at: https://pixabay.com/illustrations/uk-england-country-map-london-2178613/ Clker-Free-Vector-Images. “Europe Map Skandinavia Great”. Image released under a Pixaby License-Free for Commercial Use. Available at: https://pixabay.com/vectors/europe-map-skandinavia-305055/ ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Reproducir video Reproducir video 01:21 A Comparison of Widespread Flexible Residential Electric Heating and Energy Efficiency in a Future.. This is an adaptation from the Open Access Paper: "A Comparison of Widespread Flexible Residential Electric Heating and Energy Efficiency in a Future Nordic Power System" by Topi Rasku and Juha Kiviluoma, MDPI Energies 2019, 12(1), 5. License (CC by 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Link to the paper: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010005 Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us This adaptation may contain errors. We strongly encourage you to consult the original source of the information (mentioned above). If you want to promote your open access paper with a video like this one, let us know at: info@jecasa-ltd.com Background Music: ”Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com Keywords: demand-side management; demand response; energy efficiency; power-to-heat; electric heating systems; renewable energy integration #residential #electricity #heating #energy #efficiency#future #nordic #powersystem ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Reproducir video Reproducir video 01:26 Theoretical Modeling of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Wakes This is an adaptation from the Open Access Paper: "Theoretical Modeling of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Wakes" by Mahdi Abkar, MDPI Energies 2019, 12(1), 10. License (CC by 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Link to the paper: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010010 Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us This adaptation may contain errors. We strongly encourage you to consult the original source of the information (mentioned above). If you want to promote your open access paper with a video like this one, let us know at: info@jecasa-ltd.com Background Music: ”Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com Keywords: vertical-axis wind turbine; theoretical wake model #theoretical #mathematicalmodeling #verticalaxis #windturbine #wakes #windturbines ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Reproducir video Reproducir video 01:39 Automatic Processing of User-Generated Content for the Description of Energy-Consuming Activities... This is an adaptation from the Open Access Paper: "Automatic Processing of User-Generated Content for the Description of Energy-Consuming Activities at Individual and Group Level" by Roos De Kok, Andrea Mauri and Alessandro Bozzon, MDPI Energies 2019, 12(1), 15. License (CC by 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Link to the paper: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010015 Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us This adaptation may contain errors. We strongly encourage you to consult the original source of the information (mentioned above). Graphic design by Jecasa Ltd inspired by and with free adapted content from: Jecasa Ltd https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/ Freepik https://www.freepik.com/ Creative Venus https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuidUC7GvuA1jkP2nc-1qGA Background Music: ”Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com Keywords: social media; energy-consuming activities; energy consumption; machine learning; ontology #Automatic #Processing #usergeneratedcontent #energy #energyconsumption #consuming #activities ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Reproducir video Reproducir video 01:27 An Aero-acoustic Noise Distribution Prediction Methodology for Offshore Wind Farms This is an adaptation from the Open Access Paper: "An Aero-acoustic Noise Distribution Prediction Methodology for Offshore Wind Farms" by Jiufa Cao, Weijun Zhu, Xinbo Wu, Tongguang Wang and Haoran Xu, MDPI Energies 2019, 12(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010018 License (CC by 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us This adaptation may contain errors. We strongly encourage you to consult the original source of the information (mentioned above). Graphic design by Jecasa Ltd inspired by and with free adapted content from: Jecasa Ltd and Freepik https://www.freepik.com/ Background Music: ”Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com Keywords: offshore wind farm; wake model; aero-acoustic; wind farm noise propagation #AeroAcoustic #NoiseDistribution #Prediction #methodology #Offshore #windfarm #windturbine ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Reproducir video Reproducir video 01:18 Modular Multilevel Converter - MMC (available in PowerPoint) A three-phase MMC is composed of three phase units. Each phase unit is composed of two arms. Every arm is composed of one valve, one reactor and one resistor. The reactor limits circulating and fault currents whilst the resistor accounts for converter losses. Every valve is composed of a number of submodules (SMs) connected in series, typically 200 or more per valve and therefore 400 per phase unit. There are two types of submodules that can be implemented in a MMC: the Half-Bridge (HB) and the Full-Bridge (FB). Some advantages and drawbacks are present within the converter depending on which type of submodule is implemented. Particularly, if HB submodules are implemented, only one DC output voltage polarity is possible. If FB submodules are implemented, the DC voltage can be either positive or negative. Additionally, the implementation of HB submodules is incapable of suppressing DC-side faults whereas the implementation of FB submodules allows suppression of DC side faults [Chaudhary et al., 2020; Gontijo et al., 2020; Martinez-Rodrigo et al., 2017; Shu et al., 2020]. Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us Based on information from: 💎 [Chaudhary et al., 2020] Chaudhary, S.K.; Cupertino, A.F.; Teodorescu, R.; Svensson, J.R. Benchmarking of Modular Multilevel Converter Topologies for ES-STATCOM Realization. Energies 2020, 13, 3384. 💎 [Gontijo et al., 2020] Gontijo, G.; Wang, S.; Kerekes, T.; Teodorescu, R. New AC–AC Modular Multilevel Converter Solution for Medium-Voltage Machine-Drive Applications: Modular Multilevel Series Converter. Energies 2020, 13, 3664. 💎 [Martinez-Rodrigo et al., 2017] Martinez-Rodrigo, F.; Ramirez, D.; Rey-Boue, A.B.; De Pablo, S.; Herrero-de Lucas, L.C. Modular Multilevel Converters: Control and Applications. Energies 2017, 10, 1709. 💎 [Shu et al., 2020] Shu, H.; An, N.; Yang, B.; Dai, Y.; Guo, Y. Single Pole-to-Ground Fault Analysis of MMC-HVDC Transmission Lines Based on Capacitive Fuzzy Identification Algorithm. Energies 2020, 13, 319. The customizable and high-resolution version of the diagram shown in the video is available in .pptx format (PowerPoint) from our store: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/product-page/powerpoint-diagram-template-modular-multilevel-converter-mmc Background Music: ”Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com #mmc #valve #reactor #resistor #faultcurrent #converter #submodules #SM #HalfBridge #FullBridge #dc #voltage #modularmultilevelconverter ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Reproducir video Reproducir video 00:53 Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) System (available in PowerPoint) In a Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) system, water is collected from creeks and/or rivers and stored in an upper reservoir (commonly under off–peak demand). Electrical power is needed to pump the water into the upper reservoir. Losses due to electrical and mechanical equipment are present when pumping. The energy is stored as potential energy. The energy stored is most commonly used to meet peak demands. The potential energy is transformed back into electrical energy in the same way as is done in traditional hydro power plants: the water goes through a turbine which is connected to a generator. The 2,000 MW Dinorwig pumped hydro storage system in the UK is an example of a large scale application of this type of energy storage systems. When the water flows down, losses are present as well. About the 20% of the energy used in the whole process is lost, hence 80% of the energy is recovered [Menéndez et al., 2020; Ramos et al., 2020; Yao et al., 2015; Yimen et al., 2018]. This type of energy storage system needs long construction times and high capital costs for both the plant and transmission lines (since it depends on specific geographic locations which are commonly far away from consumption centres). However, PHS seems to be the best choice of energy storage since, similar to common hydro power stations, it has the ability for almost instantaneous starting and stopping response. Therefore, this type of energy storage is a good choice to compensate peak demands. Also, its operation, generation cost and maintenance are lower than other type of energy storage systems. It is one of the energy storage systems with the highest efficiency, 80% approx [Menéndez et al., 2020; Ramos et al., 2020; Yao et al., 2015; Yimen et al., 2018]. Do you enjoy our content or find it useful? Show Your Support at: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/support-us The customizable and high-resolution version of the diagram shown in the video is available in .pptx format (PowerPoint) from our store: https://www.jecasa-ltd.com/product-page/powerpoint-diagram-template-pumped-hydro-storage-phs-system Based on information from: [Menéndez et al., 2020] Menéndez, J.; Fernández-Oro, J.M.; Loredo, J. Economic Feasibility of Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants Providing Ancillary Services. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3947. [Ramos et al., 2020] Ramos, H.M.; Dadfar, A.; Besharat, M.; Adeyeye, K. Inline Pumped Storage Hydropower towards Smart and Flexible Energy Recovery in Water Networks. Water 2020, 12, 2224. [Yao et al., 2015] Yao, E.; Wang, H.; Liu, L.; Xi, G. A Novel Constant-Pressure Pumped Hydro Combined with Compressed Air Energy Storage System. Energies 2015, 8, 154-171. [Yimen et al., 2018] Yimen, N.; Hamandjoda, O.; Meva’a, L.; Ndzana, B.; Nganhou, J. Analyzing of a Photovoltaic/Wind/Biogas/Pumped-Hydro Off-Grid Hybrid System for Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa—Case Study of Djoundé in Northern Cameroon. Energies 2018, 11, 2644. Background Music: ”Going Higher” by Benjamin Tissot (also known as Bensound). Royalty free music by Bensound, available at: www.bensound.com #Pumped #HydroStorage #PHS #electrical #mechanical #equipment #pumping #energy #potentialenergy #electricalenergy #hydropowerplants #turbine #generator #energystorage ~~~ ⚠️ Warning Please be aware that the information presented in this section and video may be outdated by the time you are accessing it. This video may content inaccuracies. We highly advice you to do your own research. Jecasa Ltd does not accept any liability for inaccurate or erroneous information. See our Terms of Use provided in the video. Book Quotes Read some inspiring quotes from top books of all time from our section of "Book Quotes" . “Instead of worrying about what you cannot control, shift your energy to what you can create.” The Light in the Heart, Roy T. Bennett